TOMORROW’S HEMOSTATIC THERAPIES
FROM TODAY’S RESEARCH
2024
68. Suppressing upregulation of fibrinogen after polytrauma mitigates thrombosis in mice
Seadler MS, Ferraresso F, Bansal M, Haugen A, Hayssen W, Flick MJ, de Moya M, Dyer MR, Kastrup CJ
Revision Requested
67. Global protein expression after intravenous infusion of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles in swine
Ferraresso F, Badior K, Seadler M, Wietrzny A, Zhang Y, Cau MF, Haugen A, Dyer MR, Cullis PR, Jan E, Kastrup CJ
Revision Requested
66. Genetic engineering of megakaryocytes from blood progenitor cells using mRNA lipid nanoparticles
Leung J, Primbetova A, Strong C, Hagner A, Devine D, Cullis PR, Zandstra P*, Kastrup CJ* (Co-Corresponding Author)
Revision Requested
65. siRNA-mediated reduction of a circulating protein in swine using lipid nanoparticles.
Cau MF , Ferraresso F, Seadler S, Badior K, Zhang Y, Ketelboeter LM, Ferraresso M, Wietrzny A, Robertson M, Haugen A, Cullis PR, de Moya M, Dyer M, Kastrup CJ
Molecular Therapy – Methods & Clinical Development. Accepted 4-8-24
64.Lipid nanoparticles and siRNA targeting plasminogen provide long-acting inhibition of fibrinolysis in murine and canine models of hemophilia A.
Strilchuk AW, Batty P, Hur WS, Sang Y, Abrahams SR, Yong ASM, Leung J, Silva LM, Schroeder JA, de Laat B, Moutsopoulos NM, Bugge TH, Shi Q, Cullis PR, Merricks EP, Wolberg AS, Flick MJ, Lillicrap D, Nichols TC, Kastrup CJ
Science Translational Medicine.2024 Feb 21;16(735):eadh0027.doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adh0027. Epub 2024 Feb 21.
2023
63.Genetically Engineered Transfusable Platelets using mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticles
Leung J, Strong C, Badior KE, Robertson M, Wu X, Meledeo MA, Kang E, Paul M, Sato Y, Harashima H, Cap AP, Devine DV, Jan E, Cullis PR, Kastrup CJ
Science Advances. 2023 Dec;9(48):eadi0508.doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adi0508. Epub 2023 Dec 1.
62. Efficacy and safety of CounterFlow in animal models of hemorrhage
Peng N, Yeh N, Khavari A, Cau MF, Ali-Mohamad N, Tenn C, Semple HA, Beckett A, Kastrup CJ
Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health, 2023, 9:1 25-39.
61. Self-propelling thrombin powder enables hemostasis with no observable rebleeding or thrombosis over three days in a porcine model of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Ali-Mohamad N., Cau M., Zenova V., Baylis JR., Beckett A., McFadden A., Donnellan F., Kastrup CJ.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023 Aug;98(2):245-248. doi: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.04.007.
60. Ruggedized Self-Propelling Hemostatic Gauze Delivers Low Dose of Thrombin and Systemic Tranexamic Acid and Achieves High Survival in Swine with Junctional Hemorrhage.
Ali-Mohamad N.*, Cau M.*, Wang X., Khavari A., Ringgold K., Naveed A., Sherwood C., Peng N., Zhang Gau H., Zhang Y., Semple H., Peng H., Tenn C., Baylis JR., Beckett A., White NJ., Kastrup CJ.
Military Medicine, Volume 188, Issue Supplement_6, November/December 2023, Pages 280–287, https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usad110
2022
59. Liquid-infused microstructured bioadhesives halt non-compressible hemorrhage
Bao G, Gao Q, Cau M, Ali-Mohamad N, Strong M, Jiang S, Yang Z, Valiei A, Ma Z, Amabili M, Gao ZH, Mongeau L, Kastrup CJ, (Co-Corresponding Author)Li J
Nature Communications, 2022 13(1):5035. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-32803-1
58. Elimination of fibrin polymer formation or crosslinking, but not fibrinogen deficiency, is protective against diet-induced obesity and associated pathologies
Hur WS, King kc, Patel YN, Nguyen YV, Wei C, Juang LJ, Leung J, Kastrup CJ, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP, Flick MJ
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2022, Sep 15;. doi: 10.1111/jth.15877
57. Hemostatic powders for gastrointestinal bleeding: a review of old, new, and emerging agents in a rapidly advancing field.
Jiang SX, Chahal D, Ali-Mohamad N, Kastrup C, Donnellan F
Endoscopy International Open, 2022, 10: E1136–E1146 DOI 10.1055/a-1836-8962
56. Percutaneous delivery of self-propelling thrombin-containing powder increases survival from non-compressible truncal hemorrhage in a swine model of dilutional coagulopathy and hypothermia
Cau MF, Ali-Mohamad N, Yeh H, Baylis JR, Peng H, Zhang Gao H, Rezende-Neto J, Grecov G, White NJ, Tenn C, Semple HA, Beckett A, Kastrup CJ
Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 2022 doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000003670
55. Comparison of DLin-MC3-DMA and ALC-0315 for siRNA Delivery to Hepatocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells
Ferraresso F, Strilchuk A, Juang LJ, Kastrup CJ
Molecular Pharmaceutics, 2022 doi: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00033.
54. Suppression of fibrin(ogen)-driven pathologies through controlled knockdown by lipid nanoparticle delivery of siRNA.
Juang LJ, Hur WS, Silva L, Strilchuk A, Francisco B, Leung J, Groeneveld D, La Prairie B, Chun E, Cap A, Luyendyk J, Palumbo J, Cullis P, Bugge T, Flick M, Kastrup CJ.
Blood, 2022 139:1302-1311. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021014559
53. Videoconferencing for Large Animal Trauma Experiments During COVID-19: A Cross-Continent Experience.
Ali-Mohamad N, Cau MF, Baylis JR, Semple HA, Kastrup CJ -(Co-Corresponding Author), Beckett A.
Military Medicine, 2022 doi: 10.1093/milmed/usac032
52. Hypofibrinogenemia with preserved hemostasis and protection from thrombosis in mice with a Fga truncation mutation.
Hur WS, Paul DS, Bouck EG Negrón AR, Mwiza JM, Poole LG, Cline-Fedewa HM, Clark EG, Juang LJ, Leung J, Kastrup CJ, Ugarova TP, Wolberg AS, Luyendyk JP, Bergmeier W, Flick MJ.
Blood, 2022 139(9):1374-1388. doi: 10.1182/blood.2021012537
51. Percutaneous delivery of self-propelling hemostatic powder into the closed abdomen for managing non-compressible abdominal hemorrhage.
Cau MF, Ali-Mohamad N, Baylis JR, Zenova V, Khavari A, Peng N, McFadden A, Donnellan F, Owen DR, Schaeffer DF, Nagaswami C, Litvinov R, Weisel J, Rezende-Neto J, Semple HA, Beckett A, Kastrup CJ.
Injury, 2022 53(5):1603-1609. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.01.024
50. Intimal resident macrophages prevent intravascular thrombosis associated with flow dynamics.
Hernandez GE, Ma F, Martinez G, Firozabadi NB, Salvador J, Juang LJ, Carias A, Madden P, Zhao P, López DA, Wang X, Veazey RS, Blair RV, Roy CJ, Dodson A, Zouantcha S, Cook A, Lewis MG, Reza Ardehali R, Beaudin AE, Kastrup CJ, Pellegrini M, Hope T, Flick MJ, Iruela-Arispe ML.
Nature Cardiovascular Research, 2022 Jan;1(1):67-84. doi: 10.1038/s44161-021-00006-4
2021
49. Fibrin is a critical regulator of neutrophil effector function at mucosal barriers.
Silva LM, Doyle AD, Greenwell-Wild T, Dutzan N, Tran CL, Abusleme L, Juang LJ, Leung J, Chun EM, Lum AG, Agler CS, Zuazo C, Sibree M, Jani P, Kram V, Martin D, Moss K, Lionakis M, Castellino FJ, Kastrup CJ, Flick MJ, Divaris K, Bugge TH, Moutsopoulos NM.
Science, 2021, 374 (6575), DOI: 10.1126/science.abl5450
48. Fracture Mechanics of Human Blood Clots: Measurements of Toughness and Critical Length Scales.
Liu S, Bao G, Ma Z, Kastrup CJ, Li J.
Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2021, Accepted and In Press.
47. Emerging gene therapies for enhancing the hemostatic potential of platelets.
Leung J, Cau M, Kastrup CJ.
Transfusion, 2021, 61(S1): S275-S285.
Ali-Mohamad N, Cau M, Baylis JR, Zenova V, Semple H, Beckett A, McFadden A, Donnellan F, Kastrup C.
Endoscopy Open International, 2021, E693-E698.
45. Nanomedicines for Hemorrhage Control.
Cau MF, Strilchuk AW, Kastrup CJ.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis”, 2021 Apr;19(4):887-891 (IF 4.6)
2020
44. Sustained Depletion of FXIII-A by Inducing Acquired FXIII-B Deficiency.
Strilchuk AW, Meixner SC, Leung J, Safikhan NS, Kulkarni JA, Russell HM, van der Meel R, Sutherland MR, Owens AP, Palumbo J, Conway EM, Pryzdial ELG, Cullis PR, Kastrup CJ.
Blood, 136 (25): 2946–2954.
43. The Evolution of Factor XI and the Kallikrein-Kinin System.
Ponczek M, Shamanaev A, Dickeson S, LaPlace A, Sun MF, Gruber A, Kastrup C, Emsley J, Gailani D.
Blood Advances, 4 (24): 6135–6147.
Hur WS, Juang LJ, Mazinani N, Munro L, Jefferies WA, Kastrup CJ.
Biochemistry, 59, 46, 4449–4455.
Chan KYT, Yong ASM, Wang X, Ringgold KM, St. John AE, Baylis JR, White NJ, Kastrup CJ
Scientific Reports, 10, 20116.
40. FXII Contributes to Hemostasis when Activated by Soil in Wounds.
Juang LJ, Mazinani N, Novakowski SK, Prowse ENP, Haulena M, Gailani D, Lavkulich L, Kastrup CJ.
Blood Advances, 4 (8): 1737–1745.
In the News
"Soil in wounds can help stem deadly bleeding" , UBC Faculty of Medicine, Apr. 27, 2020. (Also reposted on
39. Diatom Frustule Silica Exhibits Superhydrophilicity and Superhemophilicity.
Lee J, Lee, H, Shin, M, Juang LJ, Kastrup CJ, Go GM, Lee H.
ACS Nano, 14 (4): 4755–4766.
38. Bleeding is increased in amyloid precursor protein knockout mouse.
Mazinani N, Strilchuk AW, Hur WS, Baylis JR, Jefferies WA, Kastrup CJ.
Res Pract Thromb Haemost, 2020;00:1-6.
2019
37. Topical tranexamic acid is more effective when formulated with self-propelling particles.
Baylis JR, Lee MM, St. John AE, Wang X, Simonson E, Cau M, Kazerooni A, Gusti V, Statz ML, Yoon JSJ, Liggins RT, White NJ, Kastrup CJ.
J Thromb Haemost, 17(10): 1645-1654.
36. Delivery of mRNA to Platelets using Lipid Nanoparticles.
Novakowski SK, Jiang K, Prakash G, Kastrup CJ.
Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 552.
Hur WS, Warner H, Machan L, Kastrup CJ.
Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis, 294, 390-396.
2018
34. Coagulation Factor XIIIa can Crosslink Amyloid β into Dimers and Oligomers and to Blood Proteins.
Hur WS, Mazinani N, Lu XJD, Yefet LS, Byrnes JR, Ho L, Yeon JH, Filipenko S, Wolberg AS, Jefferies WA, Kastrup CJ.
Journal of Biological Chemistry (SA), 294(2): 390 –396.
33. Rivaroxaban and Apixaban Induce Clotting Factor Xa Fibrinolytic Activity.
R.L.R. Carter, K. Talbot, W.S. Hur, S.C. Meixner, J.G. Van Der Guten, D.T. Holmes, H.C.F. Cote, C.J. Kastrup, T.W. Smith, A.Y.Y. Lee, E.L.J. Pryzdial.
J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16(11): 2276-2288.
32. Platelets loaded with liposome‐encapsulated thrombin have increased coagulability.
Chan V, Sarkari M, Sunderland R, St. John AE, White NJ, Kastrup CJ.
J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16: 1226–1235.
In the News
“Team modifies platelets to improve coagulation”, Hematology Times, Apr. 13, 2018.
“Look! Down in the petri dish! It’s a super platelet!”, UBC Faculty of Medicine, Apr. 11, 2018, (Also reposted on Apr. 12, 2018 – Science Daily).
2017
Jan. 14, 2017 – Bowen Island Undercurrent
“Local researcher developing new technology to stop post-partum bleeding”.
R.R. Pompano, A.H. Chiang, C.J. Kastrup, R.F. Ismagilov.
Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2017: 86: 333-356.
30. Localization of short-chain polyphosphate enhances its ability to clot flowing blood plasma.
J.H. Yeon, N. Mazinani, T.S. Schlappi, K.Y.T. Chan, J.R. Baylis, S.A. Smith, A.J. Donovan, D. Kudela, G.D. Stucky, Y. Liu, J.H. Morrissey, C.J. Kastrup.
Scientific Reports, 2017: 7: 42119.
29. Rapid hemostasis in a sheep model using particles that propel thrombin and tranexamic acid.
J.R. Baylis, A. Finkelstein-Kulka, L. Macias-Valle, J. Manji, M. Lee, E. Levchenko, C. Okpaleke, S. Al-Salihi, A. Javer, C.J. Kastrup.
The Laryngoscope, 2017: 127(4): 787-793.
In the News
2016
Dec. 6, 2016 – UBC Faculty of Medicine
“Christian Kastrup wins Banting Award from True Patriot Love Foundation” by Brian Kladko.
28. Thrombolysis by chemically modified coagulation factor Xa.
E.L. Pryzdial, S.C. Meixner, K. Talbot, L.J. Eltringham-Smith, J.R. Baylis, F.M. Lee, C.J. Kastrup, W.F. Sheffield.
Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 2016: 14(9): 1844-1854.
Dec. 6, 2016 – UBC Faculty of Medicine
“An ‘effervescing’ coagulant shows promise in the operating room” by Bryan Kladko
27. Halting hemorrhage with self-propelling particles and local drug delivery.
J.R. Baylis, K.Y.T. Chan, C.J. Kastrup.
Thrombosis Research, 2016: 141(Suppl 2): S26-S39
K.Y.T. Chan, C.Y. Zhao, E.M.J. Siren, J.C.Y. Chan, J. Boschman, C.J. Kastrup.
Biomacromolecules, 2016: 17(6): 248–2252.
In the News
Jul. 15, 2016 – UBC Faculty of Science, UBC Faculty of Medicine
“UBC researchers in vent a synthetic ‘glue’ for blood clots” by Bryan Kladko
J.R. Baylis, A.E. St. John, X. Wang, E.B. Lim, M.L. Statz, E. Simonson, S.A. Stern, R.T. Liggins, N.J. White, C.J. Kastrup.
Shock: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches, 2016: 46(3 Suppl 1): 123-128.
2015
24. Coagulation Factor XIIIa is Inactivated by Plasmin.
W.S. Hur, N. Mazinani, X.J.D. Lu, H.M. Britton, J.R. Byrnes, A.S. Wolberg, C.J. Kastrup.
Blood, 2015: 126(20): 2329-2337.
In the News
Nov. 12, 2015 – Blood Commentaries
D.H. Farrell, “Lucky 13”, Blood, 126(20):2261-2. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-09-670471.
23. Controlled transcription of exogenous mRNA in platelets using protocells.
V. Chan, S.K. Novakowski, S. Law, C. Klein-Bosgoed, C.J. Kastrup.
Angewandte Chemie, 2015: 54(46):13590–13593.
In the News
“UBC makes leap with blood cells”, Vancouver 24 hrs (local newspaper), Nov. 12, 2015
“Platelets engineered to deliver, transcribe RNA”, Science & Enterprise, Nov. 5, 2015
“UBC researchers transform humble blood cells into ‘Franken-platelets’” EurekAlert!, Nov. 4, 2015
“Behold UBC’s latest creation: the “Frankenplatelet”, UBC Faculty of Medicine, Nov. 4, 2015
22. Self-Propelling Particles that Transport Cargo Through Flowing Blood and Halt Hemorrhaging.
J.R. Baylis, J.H. Yeon, M.H. Thomson, A. Kazerooni, X Wang, A.E. St. John, E.B. Lim, D. Chien, A. Lee, J.Q. Zhang, J.M. Piret, L.S. Machan, T.F. Burke, H.J. White, C.J. Kastrup.
Science Advances, 2015: 1(9), e1500379.
In the News
Dec. 17, 2015 – Vancouver Sun
“Self-propelled particles deliver clotting drugs in spite of heavy blood flow” by Randy Shore
Nov. 12, 2015 – BioCentury Innovations
“Self-propelling particles go upstream into wounds to stop bleeding” by Karen Tkach
Oct. 8, 2015 – Naked Scientists (Podcast)
“Blood clotting ‘bullets’
Oct. 6, 2015 – CTV Canada AM
“UBC researchers develop powder to stop bleeding” reported by Marci Ien
Oct. 4, 2015 – News 1130
“UBC develops blood clotting powder” reported Martin Macmahon
Oct. 3, 2015 – Global News BC
“BC researchers develop powder that stops the bleeding” reported by Jon Azpiri
Oct. 2, 2015 – CKNW AM980
“The first of its kind: UBC creates powder to stop critical bleeding” reported by Shelby Thom
Oct. 2, 2015 – WIRED
“Gas-Propelled Microparticles Could Stop Bleeding in Wounds”
J.H. Yeon, K.Y.T. Chan, T.C. Wong, K. Chan, M. R. Sutherland, R.F. Ismagilov, E.L.G. Pryzdial, C.J. Kastrup.
Scientific Reports, 2015: (5):10274.
2014
20. Defects in phosphate acquisition and storage influence the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Kretschmer, E. Reiner, G. Hu, N. Tam, D.L. Oliveira, M. Caza, J.H. Yeon, J. Kim, C.J. Kastrup, W.H. Jung. J.W. Kronstad.
Infection and Immunity, 2014: 2697-2712.
2012
Nov 23, 2012 – UBC Faculty of Medicine
““UBC Inventor of Self-Propelled Coagulant Wins Grant from Grand Challenges Canada” by Brian Kladko
19. Painting Blood Vessels and Atherosclerotic Plaques with an Adhesive Drug Depot.
C.J. Kastrup, M. Nahrendorf, J.L. Figueiredo, H. Lee, S. Kambhampati, T. Lee, S.W. Cho, R. Gorbatov, Y. Iwamoto, T.T. Dang, P. Dutta, J.H. Yeon, H. Cheng, C.D. Pritchard, A.J. Vegas, C.D. Siegel, S. MacDougall, M. Okonkwo, J.R. Stone, A.J. Coury, R. Weissleder, R. Langer, D.G. Anderson.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2012 (109): 21444-9.
In the News
Mar/Apr 2013 – ACCN (Canadian Chemical News)
“Mussel ‘glue’ protects damaged blood vessels” by Tyler Irving
Jan. 11, 2013 – Science
Editor’s Choice: “Vascular Glue” by Paula A. Kiberstis
Jan. 8, 2013 — Wonder of Science (an online magazine for high school students)
“Mussel glue makes blood vessel glue”
Jan. 2, 2013 – Science Translational Medicine
Editor’s Choice: “Bioinspired Glue for Healing Atherosclerotic Plaques” by Carsten Skarke
Dec. 12, 2012 – Global News (aired on 6 pm BC News Hour nation-wide)
“Researchers from UBC have adapted the adhesive quality from shoreline mussels into a gel for medical use” reported by Leigh Kjekstad
Dec 10, 2012 – UBC Faculty of Medicine (also featured by UBC Faculty of Science)
“A mussel’s stickiness inspires invention of an adhesive gel for blood vessels” by Brian Kladko
18. Remotely-activated Protein-Producing Nanoparticles.
Schroeder, M.S. Goldberg, C.J. Kastrup, Y. Wang, B.J. Joseph, C.G. Levins, R. Langer, D.G. Anderson.
Nano Letters, 2012 (12):2685-2689.
Cheng, M. Byrska-Bishop, C.T. Zhang, C.J. Kastrup, N.S. Hwang, W.W. Lee, X. Xu, M.P. Nahrendorf, R. Langer, D.G. Anderson.
Biomaterials, 2012 (33): 5004-12.
Chen, K. Love, Y. Chen, A. Eltoukhy, C.J. Kastrup, Christian; G. Sahay, A. Jeon, D. Yizhou, K. Whitehead, D.G. Anderson.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012 (134): 6948-6951.
2010
15. Nanoparticulate Cellular Patches for Cell-Mediated Tumoritropic Delivery.
Cheng, C.J. Kastrup, R. Ramanathan, D.J. Siegwart, M.L. Ma, S.R. Bogatyrev, Q.B. Xu, K.A. Whitehead, R. Langer, D.G. Anderson.
ACS Nano, 2010 (4): 625-631.
2009
- Shen, C.J. Kastrup, R.R. Pompano, R.F. Ismagilov.
Biophysical Journal, 2009 (97): 2137-2135.
2008
13. Spatial Localization of Bacteria Controls Initiation of Blood Coagulation by “Quorum Acting”
C.J. Kastrup, J.Q. Boedicker, A.P. Pomerantsev, M. Moayeri, Y. Bian, R.R. Pompano, T.R. Kline, F. Shen, W.-J. Tang, S.H. Leppla, R.F. Ismagilov.
Nature Chemical Biology, 2008 (4): 742-750.
Shen, C.J. Kastrup, Y. Liu, R.F. Ismagilov.
Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 2008 (28): 2035-2041.
M.K. Runyon, C.J. Kastrup, B. Johnson-Kerner, T.G. Van Ha, R.F. Ismagilov.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008 (130): 3458-3464.
Shen, C.J. Kastrup, R.F. Ismagilov.
Thrombosis Research, 2008 (121) S27-S30.
2007
09. A physical-organic mechanistic approach to understanding the complex reaction network of hemostasis (blood clotting).
C.J. Kastrup, R.F. Ismagilov.
Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry, 2007 (20): 711-715.
C.J. Kastrup, M.K. Runyon, E.M. Lucchetta, R.F. Ismagilov.
Accounts of Chemical Research, 2007 (41): 549-558.
C.J. Kastrup, F. Shen, R.F. Ismagilov.
Biophysical Journal, 2007 (93): 2969-2977.
M.K. Runyon, B. Johnson-Kerner, C.J. Kastrup, T.G. Van Ha, R.F. Ismagilov.
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007 (129): 7014-7015.
05. Response to shape emerges in a complex biochemical network and its simple chemical analogue.
C.J. Kastrup, F.Shen, R.F. Ismagilov.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2007 (46): 3660-3662.
2006
C.J. Kastrup, M.K. Runyon, F.Shen, R.F. Ismagilov.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2006 (103): 15747-15752.
2002
C.J. Kastrup, S.V. Oldfield, H.S. Rzepa.
Chemical Communications, 2002 (6): 642-643.
C.J. Kastrup, S.V. Oldfield, H.S. Rzepa.
Journal of the Chemical Society-Dalton Transactions, 2002 (12): 2421-2422.
01. Möbius aromatic forms of 8-pi electron heteropine.
W.L. Karney, C.J. Kastrup, S.V. Oldfield, H.S. Rzepa.
Journal of the Chemical Society-Perkin Transactions 2, 2002 (3): 388-392.
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